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How to Set Up SSH Key-Based Authentication

SSH keys are far more secure than passwords. This guide sets up key-based login and disables password authentication.

1. Generate a key pair (on your local machine)

ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -C "you@example.com"

Press Enter to accept the default location and optionally set a passphrase.

2. Copy the public key to your server

ssh-copy-id deploy@your-server-ip

Or manually append your public key to ~/.ssh/authorized_keys on the server.

3. Test the key login

ssh deploy@your-server-ip

You should log in without a password prompt.

4. Disable password authentication

Once key login works, edit /etc/ssh/sshd_config:

PasswordAuthentication no
PermitRootLogin no
sudo systemctl restart ssh

Keep your private key safe and never share it. Combine with UFW and Fail2ban for strong protection.

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